Conclusion

Urban design is where a city's form and function converge. By implementing well-conceived design principles, communities are not only beautifying their streets, they are encouraging their neighborhoods to operate better, safer and more efficiently. As the Chicago Region anticipates its nearly 3 million new residents, urban design will be increasingly important. The sooner our public, private and non-profit sectors start working together to this end – under a single community vision – the better our region will be in 2040 and beyond.

References

Allen, Eliot, "Cool Spots: Carbon Footprint Reduction Through Urban Design," A Presentation for the American Planning Association 2008 National Conference, April 30, 2008.

Aurbach, Laurence, "TND Design Rating Standards Version 2.2," 2005.

Barry, Patrick and Ed Finkel. "So Very Different? Maybe Not: Development Success in Suburban Palatine Holds Lessons for Chicago's Grand Boulevard" Urban Land Institute, 2005.

Basile Baumann Prost & Associates, Inc "Transit-Oriented Joint Development Program Opportunities."

BeldenRussonello&Stewart Research and Communications (2003). Americans' Attitudes Toward Walking and Creating Better Walking Communities.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Accessibility and the Environment" http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthtopics/accessibility.htm

Cervero, Robert "Transit-Oriented Development in the United States: Experiences, Challenges, and Prospects."

City of Blue Island and the Center for Neighborhood Technology. "Blue Island Economic Development Plan" (Draft), July 2005.

Coogan, Matthew A., Karla H. Karash, Thomas Adler, and James Sallis. 2007. The Role of Personal Values, Urban Form, and Auto Availability in the Analysis of Walking for Transportation. American Journal of Heath Promotion, March/April 2007 Special Issue.

Congress for the New Urbanism, "Malls Into Mainstreets: An In-Depth Guide to Transforming Dead Malls into Communities," 2005.

Deadmalls.com: http://www.deadmalls.com/

Ewing, Reid, Keith Bartholomew, Steve Winkelman, Jerry Walters, and Don Chen. "Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change." Urban Land Institute, 2007.

Ewing, Reid, Susan Handy, Ross C. Brownson, Otto Clemente, and Emily Winston (2006). Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2006, 3, Supplement 1, S223-S240.

Florida, Richard. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life Basic Books, 2004.

Frank, Lawrence and Peter Engelke, "How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health: A Literature Review of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Built Form" Active Community Environments Initiative Working Paper #1, Georgia Institute of Technology.

The Glen website: http://www.glenview.il.us/glen/

Goldberg, David, Lawrence Frank, Barbara McCann, Jim Chapman, Sarah Kavage. "New Data for a New Era: A Summary of the SMARTRAQ Findings. Linking Land Use, Transportation, Air Quality and Health in the Atlanta Region., 2007.

Grady, Sarah and Greg LeRoy. "Making the Connection: Transit-Oriented Development and Jobs." Good Jobs First, 2006.

Haughey, Richard M. Higher-Density Development: Myth and Fact. Washington, D.C.: ULI–the Urban Land Institute, 2005.

Haughwout, Andrew F. "Paradox of Infrastructure Investment: Can a Productive Good Reduce Productivity?" The Brookings Review, Vol. 18, 2000.

Heid, Jim. "Greenfield Development without Sprawl: The Role of Planned Communities," The Urban Land Institute, Washington D.C., 2004.

Labelscar.com: The Retail History Blog, "Jefferson Square Mall/Wilderness Mall" retrieved from: http://www.labelscar.com/illinois/jefferson-square-mall

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED).

Leinberger, Chistopher B. "The Next Slum?" Atlantic Monthly, March 2008.

Makarewicz, Carrie and Albert Benedict, "The City of Evanston's Transit-Oriented Redevelopment" Center for Neighborhood Technology (Within another citiation).

Muro, Mark and Robert Puentes, "Investing in a Better Future: A Review of the Fiscal and Competitive Advantages of Smarter Growth Development Patterns," Brookings Institution, 2004.

Natural Resources Defense Council. "Stormwater Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution" https://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap5.asp

Ohm, Brian W., James A. LaGro, Jr., and Chuck Strawser. "A Model Ordinance for Traditional Neighborhood Development." Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Wisconsin – Madison, c. 2000.

Painter, Kate (1996). The influence of street lighting improvements on crime, fear and pedestrian street use, after dark. Landscape and Urban Planning 35 (1996) 193-201.

Parsons Brickerhoff Quade and Douglas, Inc., Cambridge Systematics and Calthorpe Associates (1993). 1000 Friends of Oregon, Making the Land Use Transportation Air Quality Connection. The Pedestrian Environment, Volume 4A.

Prairie Crossing website: http://www.prairiecrossing.com/pc/site/about-us.html

Ryan, Bill. "Let's Talk Business: Ideas for Expanding Retail and Services in Your Community" Newsletter of the University of Wisconsin – Extension, Issue 83, July 2003.

Ryan Synder Associates. "The Economic Value of Active Transportation." http://www.rsa.cc/images/EconomicValueOfActiveTransportation.pdf

TDM Encyclopedia. Traffic Calming. Retrieved from http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm4.htm

TDM Encyclopedia. Transit-Oriented Development. Retrieved from http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm45.htm

Transportation Alternatives. New York City's Advocates for Walking, Bicycling and Sensible Transportation. Streets for People. Your Guide to Winning Safer and Quieter Streets. Retrieved from http://www.activelivingresources.org/assets/streets4peopletransportationalternatives.pdf