An article in the Journal of the Transportation Research Board examines the gender gap in bicycling in the state of Oregon, where (as in other areas of the U.S.) a greater percentage of men than women bicycle. A one-day statewide travel survey of more than 30,000 adults provided the data for the study. Comparisons between individual, household, and trip and activity characteristics for people grouped by gender (women versus men) and bicycling (made a bicycle trip or normally commuted by bicycle versus did not bicycle) were assessed for differences and correlations. Women who lived alone, were not working, had no high school degree or driver's license, and lived in low-income households or zero-vehicle households were less likely to bicycle than other women. Men with similar characteristics did not exhibit the same trends; sometimes they were even more likely to bicycle. These findings are consistent with a perspective that women who bicycle are more likely to bicycle by choice, whereas women of fewer means are less likely to turn to bicycling than are their male counterparts. In addition, there was partial support for the idea that women's traditional roles and responsibilities may contribute to this deficit. Study results suggest a need to re-think bicycle-promoting policies and interventions to target certain women better, with further research needed to more fully understand bicycling's gender gap.