Birmingham's Department for Transport has released a report that reviews the literature on the value of cycling -- including evidence of cycling's wider economic benefits.

The aim was to collate the evidence base to outline benefits and drawbacks of investing in cycling as a mode of transport. Existing appraisal methods take into account health benefits, such as reduced mortality, decongestion benefits, including a reduction in traffic collisions, along with personal journey amenity benefits.

The report concludes that while the literature asserts positive impacts including improving accessibility, increasing employment access, contributing to vibrant communities and individual well-being across neighborhood, municipal, regional, national scales, it is less forth-coming about how these may be realistically captured. It further argues that the nuanced impacts and benefits of cycling go beyond mainstream economic measures and are difficult to harness into substantiated and replicable metrics.