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Acknowledgments: CMAP would like to thank Jimm Dispensa, director of school demographics and planning for Chicago Public Schools, Clifford Bender A.I.A. from Healy, Bender & Associates, and Dr. John Harper, Superintendent for Plainfield Community Consolidated School District #202 for their valuable insights.

References: 

Atlanta Regional Council, Linking School Siting to Land UsePlanning (Atlanta, GA: Atlanta Regional Council, 2003), http://www.atlantaregional.com/documents/active_living.pdf 

Constance E. Beaumont and Elizabeth G. Pianca, Why Johnny Can't Walk to School: Historic Neighborhood Schools in the Age of Sprawl, 2nd edition (Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2002), http://www.preservationnation.org/issues/historic-schools/additional-resources/schools_why_johnny_1.pdf 

Barbara McCann and Constance Beaumont, "Build Smart.'" American School Board Journal, vol.190, no. 10, 2003.

Steven Bingler, Linda Quinn, and Kevin Sullivan, Schools as Centers of Community: A Citizens' Guide For Planning and Design. 2nd edition National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, KnowledgeWorks Foundation, Council of Educational Facility Planners, Building Educational Success Together, Coalition for Community Schools, 2003. http://www.edfacilities.org/pubs/centers_of_community.cfm 

Blank,Martin J.,Atelia Melaville, and Bela P. Shah, Making the difference: Research and practice in community schools. (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Educational Leadership, Coalition for Community Schools, 2003)

Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Household Travel Survey, NHTS Version 1.0 CD (Preliminary Release), January 2003.

Chicago Public Schools Press Release, Thursday January 24, 2008. http://www.cps.k12.il.us/AboutCPS/PressReleases/Jan_2008/turnarounds08.pdf 

Chicago Sun-Times Article, "Chicago's Population Decline: Fallout: Nearly 150 Public Schools Half Empty. December 19th, 2007.

Council of Educational Facilities Planners International, "State Acreage Policies," Issuetrak (September 2003). http://www.cefpi.org/pdf/state_guidelines.pdf 

Council of Educational Facilities Planners International, U.S. EPA, "Schools for Successful Communities: An Element of Smart Growth", 2004. http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/pdf/SmartGrowth_schools_Pub.pdf 

Council of Educational Facilities Planners International Creating Connections: Guide for Educational Facility Planning., 2004. http://shop.cefpi.org/product.esiml?PID=84 

Dover, Kohl & Partners and Chael, Cooper & Associates Design Guidelines for Pedestrian-Friendly Neighborhood School. http://www.raleighnc.gov/publications/Planning/Guides,_Handbooks_and_Manuals/School_Design_Guidelines.pdf 
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ICMA IQ Report Volume 40 Special Edition http://icma.org/documents/SGNReport.pdf 

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Kevin J. Sullivan, Catching the Age Wave: Building Schools with Senior Citizens in Mind, (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, October 2002) http://www.edfacilities.org/pubs/agewave.pdf 

The National Summit on School Design Report, (American Architectural Foundation and KnowledgeWorks Foundation, 2005)

Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006; 295:1549-1555.

Darren Springer "Intergrating Schools into Healthy Community Design", National Governors Association, Center for Best Practices Issue Brief, (May 2007) http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0705SCHOOLSHEALTHYDESIGN.pdf 

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Barriers to Children Walking to or from School–United States 2004", Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (September 30, 2005), http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a2.htm 

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, "Travel to School: The Distance Factor", NHTS Brief National household Travel Survey, January 2008.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Travel and Environmental Implications of School Siting (Washington, DC: U.S. EPA, 2003), http://www.epa.gov/dced/pdf/school_travel.pdf